Rana Kumbha (Maharana Kumbhakarna)
After Rana Mokal, his eldest son Kumbhakarna (Rana Kumbha) become king of Chittor and ascended the throne in 1490 (AD 1433). Kumbha was the head of the kings, scholar, donor, and majestic. As soon as Rana Kumbha ascended the throne, he first decided to take revenge on the killers of his father. Rana Mokal was murdered by Chacha, Mera, and Mahpa Parmar. All three of them hid in the inaccessible mountains. Sent Ranmal Rathod (Mandar) to punish them. Ranmal attacked these rebels. Ranmal kills Chacha and Mera, but Mahpa dodges and runs away. The uncle's son and Mahpa fled and took refuge in the Sultan of Mandu (Malwa). The Rana sent a message to the Sultan to hand over his rebels. The Sultan replied that I cannot leave my refugee in any way. So there was a possibility of war between the two.
V.No. In 1494 (AD 1437), the Malwa Sultan Mahmud Khilji was attacked by Rana Kumbha near Sarangpur. The Sultan fled in defeat and took refuge in the fort of Mandu. Kumbha attacked Mandu. In the end, the Sultan was defeated and took him captive and brought him to Chittor. He was forgiven for keeping him in captivity for some time. To commemorate this victory, Rana Kumbha erected Kirti Stambh in the Chittor fort.
His enemies tried repeatedly to avenge their defeats, but they did not succeed. The Sultan of Malwa attacked Mewar five times. Swami Shams Khan of Nagaur tried unsuccessfully to become independent with the help of Gujarat. The same condition happened to the gods of Abu. The Sultans of Malwa and Gujarat together attacked Maharana but the Muslim armies were again defeated. Maharana also won many other victories. He took it from the salt mine of Didwana (Nagaur) and conquered places like Khandela, Amer, Ranthambore, Dungarpur, Sihare, etc. Thus conquering most of Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat, Malwa, and Delhi, he made Mewar the Maharaja.
But the importance of Maharana Kumbhakarna is more due to his cultural work than victory. He built many forts, temples, and ponds and cultured Chittor in many ways. The famous fort of Kumbhalgarh is his masterpiece. He resettled Bansatpur and renovated the temple of Shri Ekling. The Kirtistambh of Chittor is one of the unique creations of the world. Each of its stones has the imprint of his craftsmanship, Vaidushya, and personality. He was a scholar, he composed many texts of music and interpreted texts like Chandishtak and Geetgovind, etc. He was well versed in Natyashastra and also skilled in vena playing. He himself wrote a treatise on the creation of Kirtistambhs and got the texts of Shilpshastra written by the facilitators like Mandan. This great Rana died at the hands of his own son Udai Singh. The great ruler
Rana Kumbha defeated his strong rival Husang Shah, the ruler of Malwa, and established a 'Vijay Stambh' in Chittor in 1448 AD. His other achievements in the field of architecture include 32 of the 84 forts built in Mewar, which were built by Rana Kumbha. Rana Kumbha was counted as a great ruler among the rulers of medieval India.
Literature lover Rana Kumbha:
He himself was a good scholar and a knower of Vedas, Smriti, Mimamsa, Upanishads, grammar, politics, and literature. Kumbha composed four plays in four local languages and also wrote a commentary on 'Geet Govind' by Jayadeva named 'Rasik Priya'.
Death and Successor of Rana Kumbha:
In 1473 AD, Rana Kumbha was murdered by his son Udai Singh (Udai singh 1). Due to the opposition of Rajput chieftains, Udai Singh could not enjoy the pleasures of power for long. After that, his younger brother Rajmal (who reigned from 1473 to 1509 AD) sat on the throne. After a successful reign of 36 years, after his death in 1509 AD, his son Rana Sangram Singh or 'Rana Sanga' (ruled 1509 to 1528 AD) ascended the throne of Mewar. He campaigned against Delhi, Malwa, and Gujarat during his reign. In 1527 AD, he was defeated by the Mughal emperor Babur in the battle of Khanwa. After this, in the absence of powerful rule, Jahangir brought it under the Mughal Empire.
Interesting Fact About Rana Kumbha :
1. 1433 AD. The coronation of Maharana Kumbha took place this year.
2. (Colonel James Todd has given the year of the coronation of Maharana Kumbha as 1418 AD and his wife's name is Mirabai, which is not correct. Mirabai was 100 years after Maharana Kumbha).
3. Maharana Mokal's maternal uncle was Ranmalla of Marwar.
4. Ranmalla came to Chittor and went out with 500 riders to kill Chacha and Mera and raided many places.
5. Chacha and my companions were killed by the Rajputs.
6. Ikka (uncle's son) and Mahpa Panwar fled to the shelter of Sultan Mahmud of Mandu.
7. A quarrel broke out between Raghavdev (uncle of Maharana Kumbha) and Ranmalla.
8. Ranamalla killed Raghavdev by deceit, whose condition is such that Ranamalla gifted Raghavdev a tunic, whose faces were sewn on both arms. When Raghavdev wore the tunic, both his hands got stuck, so Ranmalla killed Raghavdev with a sword.
Achievements of Rana Kumbha :
1. Maharana Kumbha conquered the Jankachal mountain and Amridachal mountain in 1437 AD.
2. Maharana Kumbha defeated Deora Rajputs and occupied Abu.
3. 1437-38 AD * Maharana Kumbha attacked Mandalgarh and conquered it. Mandalgarh was occupied by the allies of the Hada Rajputs.
4. In these days, Maharana conquered by attacking Khatkar.
5. A few days later Jahanjpur was attacked. After much effort, Maharana Kumbha conquered Jahanjpur.
Construction by Rana Kumbha :
* From 84 fortresses that form the defense of Mewar, 32 were erected by Kumbha.
* The Kumbhalgarh fort is also erected by Rana Kumbha. which is also known as the great wall of India. the wall of this fort extends over 38 km.
* Vijay stambh or Jai stambh :- Rana Kumbha defeated his strong rival Husang Shah, the ruler of Malwa, and established a 'Vijay Stambh' in Chittor in 1448 AD. (Not to be confused with Kirti stambh)
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